Latin American Literature
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I. Historical Background
A. The Growth of Democracy at Home: 1800-1840
1. 1828 election won by Andrew Jackson
2. Term was given nickname era of the common man
3. Property not needed to vote anymore
4. Indians forced to move west
5. Trail of tears leaves 4,000 dead
B. Young Nation on the World Stage
1. Result of War of 1812 = Europe realizing U.S. is there for good
2. Monroe Doctrine warns Europe to stay away from Latin America
3. Mexico attacks U.S. at The Alamo
4. Every Texan defender dies
5. 1845 Texas admitted to the union ending war with Mexico
6. Victory adds California to U.S. territory
C. The Way West and Economic Growth
1. Transportation improves in early 1800’s
2. 1869 rail lines link east and west
3. Technology advances help social change
4. Morse invents telegraph
5. Factories open and farming is easier on worse land
D. Winds of Change
1. Factories lead to child labor and unfair working conditions
2. 1840 Women can’t vote or file law suit
3. Women rights promoted in 1840s/1850s
4. Conflict of right to have slaves divides country
5. Eventually starts Civil War in 1861
II. Literature of the Period
A. American Literature Comes of Age
1. American writers not widely read before 1800s
2. Writers of this time define American voice
B. Romanticism
1. Romanticism-Artistic movement that dominated Europe and America during
Nineteenth century
2. Romantic writing - elevating the imagination over reason and intuition over fact
3. Also accented the fantastic aspects of human experience
C. New England Renaissance 1840-1855
1. Ralph Emerson’s “The American Scholar” calls for American intellectual
independence from Europe
2. American writers should interpret their culture in new ways according to
Emerson
3. 1840-1855 increase in literature activity in New England
D. Transcendentalism
1. Transcendental movement influences writers throughout America
2. Transcendentalism contains many facets, many sources and encompasses a range
of beliefs whose specific principles depend on the individual writer or thinker
3. The transcendental – understanding a person gains intuitively because it lies
beyond direct experience
4. Transcendentalism produces romantic, intuitive, and mystical writing
E. Walden
1. Henry Thoreau - one of the most influential expressers of transcendental
philosophy
2. Went to live on Walden pond by himself
3. Felt intensely the Transcendentalists reverence for nature
4. Walden is his account on the experience of living in Walden
F. The Possibility of Evil
1. All literature isn’t optimistic
2. The Scarlet Letter- sin, concealed guilt, hypocrisy, and humility
3. Hawthorne and Melville viewed life grimly
G. At Home in Amherst
1. Emily Dickinson- one of greatest American poets
2. Her writings focused on unresolved questions
H. Beyond New England
1. 1855 Walt Whitman publishes Leaves of Grass
2. Tells of his change of life
3. Longest lasting effect on American literature
I. Fireside Poets
1. Writers most followed by the American reading public
2. Fireside poets: Henry Longfellow, John Whittier, James Lowell, and Oliver Holmes
J. After the Flowering
1. Creativity sparked up as result of the Civil War
2. Anti-Slavery writers support the north

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